Proving Ground

[Photo credit: Maya Dukmasova]

The Fall 2015 issue of University of Chicago Magazine includes a piece, “Proving Ground,” about the work of Match tutors in UChicago’s Education Lab. (This work was also the subject of a New York Times article last January, “Closing the Math Gap for Boys.”) We think it’s a great story about how day-to-day work in schools can fuel broader policy change. In fact, the author does a such a good job untangling the challenges and decisions a district or school leader faces, we thought we’d respond directly to a few of the most salient bits. Here goes:

““In any school system, the differences in students academic skills grow larger and larger as they progress through grade levels…no amount of pressure on high school teachers to teach algebra better will help their students working at a third-grade level who haven’t yet mastered multi-digit arithmetic.” ”

You may know that Match was founded 15 years ago, as a high school. We’ve since expanded to enroll students in the middle and elementary grades -- we wanted to serve more students, but we also believed enrolling children earlier on in their academic careers would translate to better results. These days, our preschoolers talk about college and many of our sixth graders are already planning to take AP Calculus. Are all of our students performing at grade level in Math and ELA? No. But we’re tracking in that direction. Less catch up, more mastery – that’s the trajectory.

““The challenge has been not abut solving a pedagogical problem so much as an economics problem: how to give Oxford-style instruction at Chicago Public School prices.

“Match Education may have found a way. ‘The key a-ha moment Match had,’ says Ludwig, ‘was to realize that teaching one or two kids is fundamentally different from teaching 25-30 kids. What you need to be able to do to be a good tutor is massively different from what you need to be a good classroom teacher.””

The Ludwig quoted here is our friend, Jens Ludwig, co-director of the Education Lab and a UChicago professor of social service administration, law and public policy. He’s right: training someone to be a great tutor is a lot easier than training someone to be a great teacher, primarily because being a tutor is just a much simpler job. (Tutoring is about building relationships and helping students master content; it’s not about pedagogy, classroom management, performance, high-volume decision making, data analysis and all the other things one needs to be a stand-out teacher.) It’s also effective. As the author notes, “About half way through the study, the students in Chicago Vocational Career Academy’s Math Lab doubled the amount of math they would have been expected to learn without tutoring…”

Starting in 2nd grade, Match students receive one to two hours of tutoring every day in Math and English Language Arts. That consistent, personalized attention is a big driver of our students’ achievement (alongside outstanding teachers, a commitment engaging parents and a joyful and orderly school culture) and a big reason why parents choose to join our community.

““Our theory of change is if you can show the government how to spend $200 billion better, or it’s $500 billion better, that’s how you start to have a really big impact.”- Jens Ludwig, co-director of the Education Lab and Chicago professor of social service administration, law and public policy”

We like that. The theory of change Ludwig talks about is the reason underlying Match Export. It’s also one of the things that differentiates Match from other high-performing charter organizations, like our friends at KIPP and Uncommon Schools. Once we max out our school enrollment (1,250 students), our plan isn’t to start another school – it’s to do the best we possibly can for the students we have, and to figure out better, more efficient, more engaging ways to share what we’ve learned with anyone looking to improve outcomes for kids: large urban school districts, charter school operators, traditional teacher prep programs and policymakers. Match Minis are the latest, and arguably coolest, thing we’ve done so far.

One final note: Match is no longer in the business of exporting our high-impact tutoring model to other cities – that important work has been taken on by our friends and former colleagues at Saga Innovations.

Day in the Life of a Match Corps Tutor

The sun isn’t yet up when Emmanuel Yeboah arrives to Match Middle School each morning and it’s long set before he heads home at night. In between, the day is a blur of tutoring sessions, high fives, hallway conversations, dodgeball, homework help, teacher conferences and spoken word club. 

This is the day in the life of a Match corps member. 

Match is an AmeriCorps program. But unlike other AmeriCorps programs, where corps members are often add-ons to a school, the Match Corps is an integral part of the pedagogy at Match. The model has been proven to get results, and especially for Black and Latino boys. 

Everyday, Emmanuel – a graduate of Boston Latin School and (the) University of Connecticut – provides tutoring in English Language Arts for five hours a day. Each student at Match Middle receives two hours of tutoring a day – an hour in English, an hour in math – four days a week. Tutors coordinate their lesson plans with teachers and academic leaders to ensure that what each tutoring session reinforces a key concept or skill taught in class. 

Every Match corps member is a college graduate. There are 170 this school year, from all over the country, with diverse backgrounds and interests. Some, like Emmanuel, are considering teaching as a career, though just as many joined Match Corps to give back for a year or gain work experience before starting medical school, or law school or some other career-track job. 

Here’s Emmanuel’s story, in words and pictures. 

Emmanuel usually arrives to school at 6:30am. Before the school day begins, he and his fellow corps members prepare for the day in a room on the third floor of the building where they finalize lesson plan and double-check schedules. Today, they confer with each other about students they have an eye on and joke around, complaining about a funny smell in their prep room. 

Emmanuel’s first of five tutoring sessions begins at 7:45am. He only has time to eat half the ham-egg-and-cheese he brought from home before meeting up with four 8th graders he’s been assigned to work with this year. 

Emmanuel has a gentle way with his students. It comes naturally to him, as the second oldest of five siblings. He nudges his students along and finds something to teach in every moment. He talks to them about the origins of the days of the week (Norse mythology) and what happened at the girls’ basketball team the night before (they lost). 

When one girl lays her head on the desk, he pulls out a graphic novel from his backpack. Soon, she’s reading and taking notes. He tells another boy to speak up while he’s reading his work aloud. “You know we’re always going to edit,” Emmanuel says, as they talk through prepositional phrases, tone and word choice: “What do you think is more clear in this sentence,” he asks, “see or watch?” Another student asks, “Why can’t you just turn into the Hulk?” after Emmanuel had explained how radiation’s toxicity changes human cell structure. “That’d be a cool science project,” Emmanuel replied, laughing.  

Emmanuel spends an hour a day with Ty, a whip-smart 7th grader who struggles to stay on task in class. The day’s session is on close reading. Ty is a basketball fan with encyclopedic knowledge of the game and its legends. Emmanuel pulls out an article on Wilt Chamberlain. The question at hand, “Is he the greatest of all time?” Tyree says no: the absence of the three-second violation allowed all 7’5 of Chamberlain to stand in the paint. “All Wilt had to do was stand there,” Ty says. 

Dodgeball at Match Middle School is like dodgeball anywhere. Fun chaos! A gymnasium full of 12-year olds slinging Nerf balls at short range. Emmanuel is in the middle of it all. 

By 4:15pm, students are ready for the end of a long day.  You can feel the energy in homeroom just before the dismissal bell. Some boys are joking around, dancing “the Carlton” from the Fresh Prince of Bel Air. Emmanuel helps them stay calm. He’s good at working anywhere and takes advantage of all downtime – he never stops moving. 

After school, half a dozen students turn up at Boston Pulse, a spoken word club that’s aim is to get young poets to write and perform their own work. It’s a highlight of the week for Emmanuel, who studied poetry in college and writes a bit himself (he double-majored in Africana Studies and Women’s Gender Studies at UConn). The topic of this day’s discussion is how poets use language, punctuation and pauses to create suspense. Tony delaRosa, who co-leads the club, dims the lights to show students YouTube videos of Franny Choi delivering “Wire Woman” and an excerpt of Saul Williams performing from the documentary, SlamNation. 

By now, it’s after 5pm – 10 hours after students arrived to school – but they are engaged, at the edge of their seats. 

Timeline of a College Degree

James Normil had been working towards his college degree, in one way or another, for 12 years. Though he’s been a student at Bunker Hill Community College, Cambridge College and UMass-Boston in the last decade, he never earned a diploma.

James’s story is a familiar one among Match Beyond students: young people eager to pursue higher education too often stymied by the inflexibility and cost of traditional college. (The average Associate’s degree completion rate among low-income students is 13% nationally and 34% in Massachusetts.) For James, life – a wedding, a baby and a second job to meet the needs of his growing family – required a few stops and starts in his education, but traditional programs wouldn’t allow it. As a result, he accumulated more than $20,000 in student loan debt, with credits trapped in three different schools, but no diploma to show for it.

Enter Match Beyond. He enrolled in July 2014, earned his Associates degree by October 2015 and now works at Match Beyond as an employment coach. Bob Hill, a Match Beyond co-founder and senior coach (and Match High School history teacher for 12 years), worked with James from the beginning of his Match experience. Bob made sure James got a Wi-Fi hotspot so he could get online at home, and even played the role of bus driver for a while to ensure James could attend twice-weekly study sessions. “That little thing, a ride, wasn’t very little to me,” James says. 

What follows is a conversation between James and Bob about college, Match Beyond and what they’ve learned from each other. 

This interview has been edited and condensed.

Bob Hill: How’d you get here? 

James Normil: When I heard about Match Beyond I’d just started working at College Bound Dorchester – I was about a month and a half into the job. They told me there was an opportunity to get a degree, and it was supposed to be more flexible and cheaper than traditional college. At first I was reluctant because my experience with college was not very good. Whenever I thought about school it just gave me anxiety. I was like, “’Man, I don’t even want to talk about that, because I owe like over $20,000 in loans, my credits are trapped in like three different schools…and I can’t pay them.’ You know what I mean? But then you said that I didn’t actually need any of my credits to start the program. 

BH: [Interjects] Oh, yeah, you can jump right in. 

JN: Yeah. Then I said, well what about accreditation? 

BH: [Interjects] Fully accredited. No problem there! 

JN: I asked, well how much is it? $5,000? Ok, well, the Pell Grant is about $5,000. All right, let’s give it a shot. And then, the first month, I didn’t really do much of anything. 

BH: I was just thinking about that. I think we got you a WiFi to start off?

JN: Yeah, a WiFi hotspot, because I didn’t have Internet at home. But I didn’t really do much with it. 

BH: I remember calling you a bunch of times – you had a phone issue or something. When I met you, I thought you were going to be good to go, and suddenly you were off the radar screen… 

JN: Yeah, I didn’t really get the ball rolling until you and Mike [Mike Larsson – Match Beyond’s other co-founder and COO] came to meet with me. We sat down for like 45 minutes and did that assignment. 

BH: Right. We just did one assignment: the best peanut butter and jelly sandwich. You had to make the instructions for how to make something and you wrote instructions for the best –

JN: The ultimate 

BH: Right, the ultimate peanut butter sandwich. It was good. It got the ball rolling. 

JN: And then we started meeting at Forest Hills [Match’s middle school campus] and that’s when I really got a routine going because you were picking me up. And then it became like a bus – 

BH: And then it was a family affair. 

JN: Pick up this person, that person, that person … then it was like, man, I’m just going to send you an Uber. 

BH: That’s right. 

JN: I felt like I was in a real rhythm. I was able to do a lot of work in a little period of time. 

BH: And we had great time driving together...It was just a process of getting to know you, finding out what you’re interested in, and who you were as a person and what makes you tick and what’s important to you, you know? You like history, so that was something that we talked about. We both value family. And we’re both pretty spiritual, so that was good too. Once you started to get a little bit of a routine, there can be some momentum.

JN: To be honest, you were the difference between me completing this program and not. I mean, when you break bread with someone, that’s significant. And when you do it regularly, I think it forms a bond and that definitely worked for me. 

You were another person not to let down. Of course I don’t want to let my kid down, my wife down – I don’t want to fail at another college thing – but you were another person in my corner. And also, the whole celebratory fashion – you would get mad excited. 

BH: Oh, definitely. I love it, man. 

JN: So excited. 

BH: I’d get fired up. YEAAHHHHH!!!! Like that kind of excited. 

JN: And it wasn’t just with me, it was with everyone. So that was great, and I wouldn’t have been able to do it otherwise. 

BH: Every time we connected, when we did work, I had fuel for the rest of the week. 

JN: I can’t believe you went home so late all the time. Like midnight late! 

BH: Yeah, my wife was like, heeyyy, what you are doing? But my kids knew – “Dad’s working with James tonight.” What’s next for you? 

JN: Eventually I want to get my masters in counseling psychology from a seminary. When I went to Cambridge College I majored in psychology. I worked in the psych department at UMass-Boston for four years – I was the IT guy, but I got to work pretty closely with all the professors, on their materials and setting up their labs, so just always being around psychology, I’m fascinated by it. I still want to do it. I want to help people learn how to help themselves, so I’m not needed any more. You know? That’s what I want to do.  

I want to finish here first, though. I did the Associates, now I want to do the Bachelors. I think it puts me in a better position to serve our students because I’ve been through the program myself. 

BH: The sky is the limit. When people talk to me about you, I say I learned way more from you than you learned from me. When you talk to people now, in your current job [at Match Beyond], anyone can see that you really connect with students, learn a lot about them, really help them grow. 

JN: Like you. I’m going to be like you. 

BH: It’s mutual. The mutual admiration society. 

Group of Six

It’s 7:45am on a Saturday morning and Match Middle School is buzzing with young professionals all dressed in their workday best: ties, slacks and dresses – no jeans or t-shirts allowed.

This is weekly “Group of Six” practice, a core part of the curriculum at the Sposato Graduate School of Education. Every Saturday in the fall, from 8am to 5pm, Match Teacher Residents (MTRs) - candidates in their first year of Sposato’s two-year Masters in Effective Teaching (MET) program – practice classroom management and instruction in a group of their peers, all-the-while observed by eagle-eyed Match coaches who are themselves master teachers with years of classroom experience. 

This is one of several aspects of Sposato’s program that makes it different from traditional graduate schools of education, where only 1 percent grades given to students are based on assignments at the heart of teaching, such as designing lesson plans and evaluating student work.

You can watch a Match Mini on Group of Six here, but these are the basics: 

• Each student is placed in a group with five of their peers (hence group of six).
   
• In each session – or “round” as we call them – students take turns leading their peers through a simulated six-minute lesson. Students who aren’t teaching the lesson play pre-determined student characters: Dylan, who is disengaged; Tessia, the know-it-all; Noel, who struggles to read aloud, and so on.
   
• As each student delivers his or her lesson, Match coaches (1 or 2 per group) take notes and even occasionally stop people mid-lesson to offer a course correction or encourage him or her to try a specific instructional or behavior management technique again. 
   
• At the end of the six-minute lesson, the student’s peers offer feedback – positive and room for improvement, or as we call them pluses and deltas. 
   
• Coaches give the student specific feedback on the lesson they just delivered, along with one “big takeaway” – a single aspect of instructional practice – that he or she is to focus on next time. 
   
• Every student participates in five rounds, including time in the “challenge room” where 15 actual Match High School students do their best to mimic potential challenges in the classroom. (Match students are paid for their time – it’s the world’s greatest part-time job.)   

Most Saturdays the Group of Six begins like this: Sposato staff huddle in a classroom to talk about the key skills students should be focused on during their practice lessons (always aligned with what they learned in Tuesday/Thursday evening classes the week before); students, meanwhile, help themselves to a mountain of Dunkin’ Donuts goodies and quietly rehearse their lessons before the rounds begin. 

Skills to practice are varied, but this week the focus for students studying to be English Language Arts/History teachers is effectively cold-calling students, giving feedback on student answers (particularly when the answers aren’t correct) and teaching a close-reading lesson (in this case, the Gettysburg Address). 

During the rounds, some students, fly through their lessons – easily getting their “students” to talk through the diction, tone and syntax of Lincoln’s flawless prose. Others get tripped up, either by student behavior or a lack of faculty with the material. 

“Big Takeaways” are specific to each student: Carrick, an impossibly tall guy with a bushy red beard, was advised to have his students spend less time on simple tasks. Dakota, who has a tough-love teaching style, was asked to better frame her lesson so that students might better understand her expectations. 

Sposato candidates go through these Group of Six exercises every weekend from October through January. It all culminates in mid-January at “The Gateway,” a set of teaching simulations in which candidates must demonstrate competence in basic classroom management and instructional skills. Either they pass, and move on to the second half of their first year in the program; or they don’t. About two-thirds of Sposato students make it past the Gateway assessment.

Teaching is hard, but we know it’s a skill that can be learned – with enough practice and specific, actionable feedback.